1. HOSPITAL WASTEWATER

a) Sources of Wastewater

Hospital wastewater is generated from various sources and can be divided into two main categories:

- Medical Wastewater: Originates from activities such as medical examinations, laboratory tests, surgeries, blood, minor surgeries, and the cleaning of medical instruments and equipment.

- Domestic Wastewater: Comes from sanitary activities of medical staff, patients, relatives, laundry of patient and staff clothing, and cooking in hospital kitchens.

b) Characteristics of Wastewater

- Besides common pollutants like BOD, COD, TSS, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pathogenic microorganisms, animal and vegetable fats, hospital wastewater also contains antibiotic residues, chemicals, solvents, disinfectants, and other toxic substances such as mercury, cadmium, lead, and AOX from X-ray imaging, as well as radioactive materials used in diagnostics and treatment.

- The wastewater may have colors from medical chemicals and blood from operating rooms.

- Solid waste includes small items like cotton swabs and body parts.

- CELLULOSE fibers from laundry can cause clogs in pumps and mixers.

- Therefore, if not thoroughly treated, hospital wastewater can disrupt aquatic ecosystems, pose severe health risks, cause high pollution levels, spread epidemics, and accumulate pollutants in ponds, lakes, and rivers.

(Composition of hospital wastewater)

 

2. HOSPITAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

Anaerobic Tank (UASB) Anaerobic microorganisms are introduced to reduce BOD and COD concentrations in wastewater. The water exiting the UASB tank is then transferred to the Anoxic Tank.

Anoxic Tank: The tank's function is to denitrify nitrate into nitrogen. Anoxic microorganisms absorb nutrients and convert nitrate to nitrogen gas. The combination of wastewater with recirculation flow enhances the denitrification process. The conversion to N2 occurs as follows:

• Step 1: Convert nitrate to nitrite:     6 + 2CH3OH → 6 + 2CO2 + 4H2O
• Step 2: Convert nitrite to N2:     6 + 3CH3OH → 3N2 + 3CO2 + 3H2O + 6OH- + 3O2           

Aerobic Tank: In this tank, the process of BOD and COD reduction continues, and ammonia is converted to nitrate.

Nitrification occurs here, where ammonia (NH3, NH4+ ) is converted to nitrite (NO2) and then to nitrate (NO3), facilitated by two groups of bacteria: Nitrosomonas và Nitrobacter:

*  Nitrosomonas bacteria: convert Ammonia to Nitrite. This nitrification stage is known as nitritation NO2-

NH4+ + 3/2 O2 → NO2- + H2O + 2H+ + energy

*  Nitrobacter bacteria: convert Nitrite to Nitrate. This nitrification stage is known as nitratation NO3-

NO2- + ½ O2 →  NO3- + energy

The BOD concentration in wastewater is treated with the help of aerobic microorganisms, achieving a BOD removal efficiency of 85-90%.

Organic matter + Aerobic microorganisms + O2 → CO2 + H2O + New biomass

 

3. APPLICATION OF BIOCLEAN MICROORGANISMS IN HOSPITAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT

BIOCLEAN ACF AD ACTIVATOR

Key Features:

• Enhances anaerobic degradation efficiency for UASB tanks.
• Improves BOD and COD removal efficiency in wastewater.
• Boosts the efficiency of biogas, septic, and anaerobic tanks.
• Reduces H2S and sludge formation.
• Optimizes effective microbial communities under anaerobic conditions.
• Broadly degrades complex organic compounds, including facultative anaerobic bacteria.

Application: suitable for technologies using anaerobic, biogas, septic, and compost tanks.

 

BIOCLEAN ACF SC MARINE

Key Features:

• Operates in salinity conditions of <30‰ (3%).
• Reduces BOD, COD, and TSS in wastewater.
• Quickly improves shock load situations when wastewater shows salinity signs.
• Enhances the performance of wastewater treatment systems with high concentrations of fiber, sludge, and cellulose fibers.
• Reduces wastewater turbidity and improves water color.

Applications: hospital wastewater, starch, paper, fruits and vegetables, seafood wastewater, fish sauce production, sanitary slaughter wastewater, livestock farms, canned fruit and vegetable production, tanning industry...

 

BIOCLEAN ACF-NITRO ACTIVATOR

Key Features:

- Contains two specialized microbial strains for nitrification: 

• Nitrosomonas sp (convert Ammonia to Nitrite).
• Nitrobacter sp (convert Nitrite to Nitrate).

* Reduces ammonia and total nitrogen in the system, enhancing the nitrification process.

* Reduces ammonia odor in the system.

* Mitigates microbial death due to high nitrogen shock loads.

**** ACF AD, ACF SC MARINE, ACF NA are combined for anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic biological systems, providing an optimal solution for effective BOD, COD, TSS treatment, high total nitrogen removal, color improvement, odor control, cellulose treatment in wastewater, ensuring discharge meets permitted wastewater standards.

 

4. WHERE TO BUY AUTHENTIC BIOCLEAN ENVIRONMENTAL MICROORGANISM PRODUCTS

Bioclean – Aquaclean is a highly trusted brand used by numerous wastewater treatment operators.

The authentic products are 100% imported from the USA and exclusively distributed by Biotech Vietnam.

Biotech Vietnamspecializes in providing products for nitrogen, ammonia, sludge, odor, organic oil and grease, septic tanks, cesspools, etc.

 

In addition to environmental products, Biotech Vietnam also supplies products for aquaculture and agriculture. You can find more information on their website: https://www.biotechvietnam.org/

 

BIOTECH VIETNAM

11/11A nguyen Van Mai Street, Ward 4, Tan Binh District, HCMC

Hotline: 0914.811.441